College Athletics for Mental and Physical Health

College years are associated with an increased risk of both mental and physical health complications. This is because of decreased sports participation in college when compared to high school. It is anticipated that there is a correlation between the decline of vigorous physical activity and mental and physical complications.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on College Athletics for Mental and Physical Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Even though measures call for increased participation of college students in sports activities, there are concerns that athletics’ spending in colleges is increasing faster than academic spending (Downs and Ashton pg 1). Colleges are charged with the responsibility of imparting knowledge on the students and they are the main gatekeepers for success in any career. But financial strains are experienced frequently on these institutions. These threaten the existence of these i nstitutions. The financial strains have forced these colleges to explore innovative ideas of raising finances for the smooth running of college activities (Simplicio pg 1). Growing concern has been focused on the observation that there is a consistent tendency of college athletes to underperform relative to the other college students (Shulman Bowen pg 658). There are potential risks that college students are exposed to as a result of reduced sports participation, which may vary from increased risk of mental health problems to development of physical health issues. Studies indicate that a substantial number of students become overweight in the course of their college studies. This condition is contributed by a number of factors which include poor dietary choices and reduced exercise activities. This raises concern because when these overweight college students leave college, there are high chances that they will become obese. This exposes them to the consequences of obesity which in most cases are negative and long term (Downs Ashton pg 1). The recent economic crisis has witnessed a rise in tuition fees in most colleges as well as formulation strategies to reduce spending through the reduction of staff members. This growing need for finances has forced colleges to establish alternative measures of increasing sources of funding. These measures in most cases may not be academic related but are from different areas. The most common of these alternative sources of funding are big time sports program and research grant programs.Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sports programs that are successful, in most cases those that create national championship, are crucial in that they produce millions of dollars to the institution. A great portion of the money is in most cases used in the development of the university but some portion of it is used to offer scholarship s, mostly to the college athletes (Simplicio pg 3). College athletics are important because they not only promote the physical and emotional health of the college students but also offer an alternative source of income to reduce the financial strains that threaten the smooth running of institutions. Thus, it is important that higher learning institutions should embrace college athletics. A college athletics program with a rationale of furthering the development of the student’s physical fitness is called for. Colleges attempt to find a fine balance between the financing initiatives and academic practices. College participation in athletics has a greater impact that goes way beyond the college. The criteria used in admitting students to colleges, in most cases, depend on high academic excellence, and in some cases athletic talent is also considered. The high school fraternity which is composed of students, teachers and parents is always on the lookout for these signals from co lleges. When leading learning institutions indicate that academic prowess can be used as entry criteria, the potential applicants will place more emphasis on these activities. The rewards offered because of accomplishments in sports validate the notion that sporting activities is the road to opportunity (Shulman Bowen pg 659). If unchecked, pupils and students alike are likely to get the message that success is not brought about by focus on academics but rather on development of athletic prowess (Wilkinson pg 1). The consequence of unchecked intensification of athletics programs is the possibility of college athletics losing less relevance to educational experiences and in the long run contradicting the mission of the institution. A lot of consideration should be aimed at the way admissions office focus on the athletic side of the admission process. Single minded focus on a particular sport should be placed lower on the priority list when conducting the admission process (Shulman Bowen pg 666). Colleges that prosper in sports in most cases recruit athletes who are gifted so that they can raise their chances of increased success in the sports arena. It is believed that success produces more success, and this success is converted into financial stability. This has gone to the extremes of finding head coaches who are paid more than the university presidents.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on College Athletics for Mental and Physical Health specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the U.S. the university presidents in the public sector are paid $436,111 and their counterparts in the private sector are paid $358,746. These values diminish when compared to the $2.8 million guaranteed annual contract that Jeff Tedford who is the football coach in the University of California is paid. In the top 120 schools alone, the average salary of a football coach is estimated at $1.36 million. To emphasize this p oint, it is important to note that while the average salary of a university president went up by about 2.3%, the average salary of a coach in a major school went up by about 28% in 2009 alone. Since 2007, coaches’ salaries have increased by 46%. Focus is also drawn to the comparison of the coaches’ salary when compared with those of full professors with doctorate degrees. These differences are due to the fact that coaches when compared to the faculty and the presidents bring in relatively more money and as such substantial rewarding is justifiable (Simplicio pg 3). Despite the fact that college sports present the potential to college athletes to develop a career, college sports also present the risk of chronic injuries that the athletes endure throughout their careers. Athletes in most college sports will in most cases participate in one particular sporting activity. Thus, injuries that they incur in the course of the sport will be concentrated in one particular region of the body. A steady rise in the injuries has been reported by the NCAA athletic department and has been linked to single sporting activity. In the past five years, the number of injury treatments in the Montclair state university in New Jersey has doubled annually with 4,713 in the previous year. Recent years have witnessed a shift from the habit of limiting practices to seasons of about three to four months to continuous year-round training. This has seen an increase in the athletic trainer requirements to include not only early morning and late night practices but also record keeping of athletes’ medical history and treatment. These injuries which normally lead to complicated medical histories in many instances demand the intensive care of athletic trainers and physicians. This requires a lot of money and the colleges have to dig deep in their pockets for treatment and hire of additional staff members (Libby pg 1).Advertising Looking for essay on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Overuse is injury which occurs from sports that require the use of a particular muscle leading to repeated injuries to a specific part of the body. Overuse and the complications that come with it require individualized attention. For example, at the University of Georgia, injured athletes have to undertake different steps in an attempt to establish the cause of injury. The steps include; a blood test to establish indications of vitamin deficiency, a bone scan, and other diagnostic tests like MRI. It becomes part of the responsibility of the trainer to create preventive strategies to stop the re-occurrence of the injury. Having determined the source of the injury, the athletic trainers are tasked with the role of deciding the course of treatment as well as finding out how best to keep the athletes in shape without causing any further aggravation on the injury. Athletics in college are important for both the students who are considering a career in athletics and those pursuing careers in other sectors. It is the duty of the college to find a balance of academic excellence as well as accommodate the students who are pursuing athletic related careers. The college should preferably be a non-profit generating organization, so that if the sporting activity is in any way used to generate finances it should not compromise the academic objectives of the institutions. Works Cited Downs, Andrew and Ashton Jennifer. â€Å"Vigorous physical activity, sports participation, and athletic identity: implications for mental and physical health in college students.† Journal of Sport Behavior 34.3 (2011): 228-249. Libby, Sander. â€Å"An epidemic of injuries plagues college athletes.† Chronicle of Higher Education 58.8 (2011). Shulman, James L. and Bowen, William G. â€Å"The game of life: college sports and educational values.† In Glenn Cheryl, Making sense-a real-world rhetorical reader (Third edition). Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 2010. Print. Shulman, L. Jame s and Bowen G. William. â€Å"How the playing field is encroaching on the admissions office.† In Glenn Cheryl, Making sense-a real-world rhetorical reader (Third edition). Boston, MA: Bedford Books, 2010. Print. Simplicio, Joseph. â€Å"New ideas that are academically sound are good, those that bring in more money are even better.† Education 131.3 (2011): 533-537. Wilkinson, Signe. â€Å"Family tree†. Cartoon. Universal Press. 2011. Web. http://www.cartoonistgroup.com/store/add.php?iid=30541 This essay on College Athletics for Mental and Physical Health was written and submitted by user Ellen Olson to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

What Will Current Politics Do To Writers

What Will Current Politics Do To Writers I just declined a podcast with a very well-known  writers entity because they wanted me to delve into the dynamics of current politics and how it will affect writers when it comes to grants. I did not want to open that can of wormsthe forecasting and judgment of liberal versus conservative thinking. They suggested that it was just factual, and I said in this environment, where being factual is still considered taking sides, I could not participate. Sad, but tempers are running still too hot right now.   Frankly, if National Endowment funds were completely cut off, Im not sure the average writer would be able to tell, because more of their funds go to dance, art, music, and such. Yes, funds would be cut off from nonprofit retreats, some school creative writing projects, and individuals whove earned fellowships (about 50 per year, half of which are translations of works). But . . . the average writer attempting to earn a living would not feel it. Because  the average writer doesnt live off grants. New writers cant qualify. However, the successful writer, whether new or seasoned, is a scrappy writer. I did not want to get into that conversation about current politics, just like I refuse to discuss writers block. Who needs an excuse to feel like less of a writer? Just like you write through writers block, you pitch and submit to  whatever market is out there, with or without financial support. It doesnt change who you are as a writer. You are still writing. You are still being creative. When you decide the power is yours, not theirs (regardless who they are), you will thrive.

Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Stress - Essay Example This paper discusses the problems brought about by stress; possible solutions to problems on stress and a case study from the University of Michigan. Problem: Stress Stress is depends on the mind and body’s capacity to adapt to demands as required by the environment (Olpin and Hesson, 2013), whether at work, home or in universities. There are three aspects of stress that should be considered. First is the personal view of the individual experiencing the stress; and this can become either a positive or negative factor. The second aspect is the individual’s reaction to the entirety of the events rather than the specific event alone, and this will be the key to either a positive or negative result. The third aspect is the capacity or threshold by which the body can hold the stress, meaning the capacity to handle the stress and if such exists in the individual, this yields good results. However, when the individual fails to handle the stress, the effect is negative (Olpin a nd Hesson, 2013). But when an individual begins to see only the negative side of the stress, this is where the problems on stress come in. Stress has various effects on individuals. This may be emotionally, physically, behaviorally or psychologically; as a whole, stress poses risks to a person’s health. High amounts of stress push the individual to exert more energy to be able to meet the demands in the environment. Many scientists have studied and established that stress is a factor in increased blood pressure and over-fatigue. Some psychological problems like anxiety and depression are also effects to stress. Although anxiety is normal to human beings, anxiety disorders are more serious because these psychological disorders can disrupt a person’s ability to live a normal life. Anxiety disorders like agoraphobia or social anxiety disorder are some of the most common types, which, if untreated develops to depression and increases even the tendency of suicide after the onset (â€Å"Stress†, 2013). Addiction and dependence on other things, like food or alcohol, to cope with stress is also an effect of stress. A study conducted by Gluck (2006) studied the effect of stress as a trigger to excessive eating, or binge eating. This kind of eating disorder may result in obesity, or much worse, anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN). Solutions The most important thing to maintain the balance in wellness of a human being is stress reduction and management. The first way in managing stress is avoiding substances like drugs and alcohol. The initial relief may be felt however, this becomes more problematic in the long run and will eventually add more stress. Support from family, friends, colleagues and other persons that you may feel comfortable with, will be helpful as well. Knowing that there are people whom you can talk to and are willing to listen to you lightens the burden that the stress gives you. Exercising and having a massage could als o help relieve stress. By doing something else, a hobby or just going to the mall or walking in the park, takes away the mind’s focus on the stress that a person experiences. It is important that stress is channeled positively so that there is more fulfillment for one’s self, rather than the destructive effects (Centers for Disease Control and

Southland by Nina Revoyr Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Southland by Nina Revoyr - Essay Example In a socialistic form, the novel represents three ethnic groups, i.e. Asians, Blacks and Mexicans. It also illustrates the behavior of these ethnic groups compliant with various situations arising during the exploration of the mystery. Consequently, it highlights both the utopian and the dystopian verges of the races in a well-furnished manner (Nina, R., â€Å"Southland†). Several characters can be identified in the novel performing their individual characteristics according to the situations and instances. Among them the two major characters of the story are Jackie Ishida and James Lanier. Jackie Ishida was the grand daughter of Frank Sakai, an Asian settled in Los Angles with a store in the area. Frank Sakai had passed away quite ‘unexpectedly’, just before ten days of Jackie Ishida’s arrival to the city after receiving the call from her aunt Louis. Jackie Ishida, by her birth belonged to the Asian race and can be identified as an Asian-American. The girl was also a final year law student in the UCLA law school. On the other hand, James Lanier was an African-American and related to one of the three victims who was found murdered in Frank Sakai’s store (Nina, R., â€Å"Southland†). Throughout the novel there were several incidents where the ethnic qualities of these characters have been visualized. For example, the first interview of Jackie Ishida and James Lanier revealed the various paradoxes of the two young minds in terms of ethnicity and gender. As can be witnessed in the situation, Jackie seemed to be quite an individualist and conservative as well for which her ethnicity and gender plays a significant role. Notably, in her first meet, the girl hesitated to be alone with James after Laura had left her in his office, although she liked him. On the contrary, James proved to be quite a conformist by his behavior where he approaches in front of Jackie and depicts to be interested in her through the words of Laura. Thi s contradictory form of behavior depicted from the end of Jackie and James were evidently the influence of their ethnic groups and their genders as well (Nina, R., â€Å"Southland†). Another unique characteristic of the novel which in turn influences the encounters and the responses of the two characters was that it was to a certain extent based on the plot of 1992 riots. It is in this context, that the novel raises various consequences of an ethnic society during the period. For instance, Jackie’s astonishment when the true fact of her grandfather, Frank behind leaving Crenshaw was revealed and also when she witnessed a majority of blacks in his funeral depicted both the virtues and deficiencies of an ethnic society (Nina, R., â€Å"Southland†). 2. The Rework of the Novel under the Context of the Image of Los Angeles as the Site of the ‘American Dream’s Several authors had contextualized the site of ‘American Dream’ highlighting variou s instances which occurred after World War II, which

Effect Of Dispossession On Aboriginal Spiritualities Religion Essay

Effect Of Dispossession On Aboriginal Spiritualities Religion Essay The dispossession on Aboriginal spiritualities in relation to the stolen generation is a continuing effect. Dispossession means taking away what was there, in this case when the white settlers came to Australia they took everything from the Aboriginals including their home and families. The stolen generation began at the beginning of the European Colonisation. Colonisation was soon established and it removed all Aboriginal people from their own land and destroyed their sacred sites. Aboriginal girls were forced to serve as domestics and they were even sometimes forced to double up as sexual partners. Aboriginal boys were forced to work as stockmen. Soon came another policy that forced all aboriginal people to reject their own religion and accept and follow Christianity, this policy was known as missionisation. Young aboriginal children were taken away from their parents and their aboriginal families and they were separated from their siblings, every person was sent somewhere else. An example of this is the first video which is about the rabbit proof fence, as seen in the video when the white person came he tore up Aboriginal families, you are able to see how the mothers reacted which gives us the meaning that the parents especially the mothers were badly affected by this. This was known as the stolen generation, it destroyed aboriginal family and cultural life. Aboriginal people and especially the children were moved to stay in missions which were run by some churches and to reserves that were run by the government. Segregation destroyed the spirituality of the aboriginal people and it destroyed their religious links. The aboriginal children of the stolen generation that stayed in the missions and reserves were forced to forget everything from their community and their family and they were forced to dress, talk and act like white people. As seen in the second video, it shows us how the scene of the children being taken away from their family really affects ever yone; the children that were acting that scene were crying and so were the directors, these shows us that till today people are being affected by this and are very emotional about it. The parents of the stolen generation were badly affected and this led to depression, mental illnesses, addiction to drinking and drugs and some parents died a lonely sad death. An example of this is in the third video the interview with Helen Moran, she said she had the idea that her father died a sad lonely death searching for his children, and Helen is still upset about what she experienced and especially how her parents were affected especially her dad. The European contact till today towards the Aboriginal spiritualities is a continuing effect of dispossession in relation to the stolen generation. Part B: Using the source above, examine the relationship between Aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions in the process of Reconciliation. The process of reconciliation is the relationship of aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions. Reconciliation is the process where Aboriginal people and non-indigenous people in Australia make a move into the future based on a new relationship that involves important things like understanding, respect and common acknowledgment. This means that the injustice in the past including the dispossession of land and the stolen generation, must be dealt with in order for the Australians to live in peace. Reconciliation was created in order to help and repair the Aboriginal spirituality. The Aboriginal thinking has been negatively impacted by the western Christian missions. Many Aboriginals became nominal Christians because there was nothing they could do. In aboriginal theology there is a liberal tradition, it involves dependence, and social structure of the western church. When Pope Paul II came to Australia and visited Alice Springs, the Roman Catholic Church showed great support for reconciliation, and it was able to make lots of positive movements towards the Reconciliation process. Also in 1998 the Anglican Church of Australia showed its support towards reconciliation and they were also able to encourage many enterprises to help in the process to achieve the reconciliation. The Aboriginal story-telling theology accepted the important links between stories and biblical scriptures and it also kept the traditional and cultural theology. This theology has been used by many theologians; they use this theology because they are able to make it relevant to their everyday life. An example of this is as seen in the artwork from the Lutheran Church of Australia, it shows that the Aboriginals were forced to become Christian but it also shows us the meaning of the cross being white which represents the white religion and the use of bush tucker and the darker drawings around the cross represent the aboriginal traditions and by both being combined together it creates wh oleness that the aboriginal accept because one of their tradition is being put with one of the white traditions. On behalf of the Jews the NSW Jewish Board of Deputies have also shown their support to the aboriginal reconciliation, because they know exactly how the Aboriginal people feel. The Jews and the Aboriginals have both experienced the same injustice and suffering in the past generations and they are working forward together towards reconciliation. The attempts towards reconciliation by all the different religious traditions have helped to bring agreement towards the Christian and aboriginal religious ideas and most importantly the religious traditions in the process of reconciliation. Part C: Using examples, evaluate the importance of ecumenical developments and interfaith dialogue in Australia. Ecumenical development and interfaith dialogue is very important in Australia. Ecumenism is concerned with the common values and teachings that are the same across many different churches in making up the Christian world. Ecumenism focuses on many things, three important ones include: uniting all Christians from all different communities, cooperation across the different communities and it focuses on things that are common across all the communities. Ecumenism was found in the early 1900s, but it didnt come into effect until the 1960s after the World Council of Churches was formed in 1984. The World Council of Churches is an important example that was used for the importance of ecumenical developments. The ecumenical development was a big movement in the Christian church which caught everyones attention across all communities. In 1948 the world council of churches had its first conference which brought together the Protestants, Eastern Orthodox and Old Catholic bodies. The world coun cil of churches had its fourth meeting in 1968 and it was seen in that conference that the Protestants, Orthodox and the Catholics were working together. The calling of the ecumenical movement is to transform the earth into a living house of God. The Catholic Church referred to the ecumenical movement as activities planned and undertaken to show Christian unity. An example of a church that has been a participate of the ecumenism is The Orthodox Churches. They refer to it as a discovery of the shared history of all Christians. In the third meeting of the world council of churches which was in 1961, the Orthodox Church said that the ecumenical movement is a search to reintegrate the Christian mind and recover the Apostolic Tradition. Two examples of a modern day ecumenical movement are the great formation of the Uniting Church in Australia and the week of prayer for Christian agreement. The National Council of Churches in Australia is an example of one common state-based ecumenical co uncil that tries and aims to speak common concerns to the government about important issues that strongly affect Christian life. There is a network in Australia that has 16 Christian churches as participates, this network is the NSW Ecumenical Council. The aims of the network are to promote the idea of Christian churches working together. The core force for the NSW Ecumenical Council is the unity and the important truths of God in Jesus Christ. In the National Council of Churches Australia there have been many churches that have joined but have failed because they werent able to accept the ecumenical dialogue that churches have put forward doctrines and there have been disagreements. Some of these churches include: Baptists and Pentecostals. Interfaith dialogue is the movement between different religious traditions and groups to a achieve peace between the different beliefs. It is important for the interfaith dialogue to be a positive relationship, and there needs to be a good relat ionship with the religious traditions themselves for it to work well. When conflicts arise through the interfaith dialogue, the way it is resolved is by the leaders from the different traditions meet together and talk about their faith and they try to work things out and sort out the misunderstanding. The most important things about interfaith dialogue include: its important that the dialogue starts when people meet, dialogue depends mostly on trust and common knowledge between everyone, dialogue makes it easy to share in the community and finally dialogue becomes the standard reliable witness. Interfaith dialogue has its boundaries of its significance and value. It was said by Dr Gerard Hall SM, who is a catholic theologian, that we all live in a democracy which means everyone has a right to both follow and defend their beliefs and practices, even though they may be considered wrong by other people. Dialogue among people who have different traditions in Australia is a very importan t social structure requirement because Australia is a multicultural and multi-religious society. Dialogue between religious traditions makes a perfect dialogue between Christian groups. An example of this is the catholic churchs commitment to maintain an open dialogue with other faiths, this occurred in 1992, it was brought up by the Bishops committee for Ecumenical and interfaith relations of the Australia Catholic Bishops conference. An important achievement by the council is the set of guidelines for the Christian teachers and preachers; it was created to help them deal more with many passages that are in the new testament that have been used wrongly towards the Jews. These guidelines were developed with the help of the heads of many different churches, some including: the Anglican, Roman Catholic, Uniting Churches and the Lutheran church. An example of a major independent interfaith association that is in Australia is the World Council on Religion and Peace, this interfaith asso ciation is made up of legislative bodies from many major religious traditions. Interfaith dialogue had led to the formation of an annual Australian Multifaith Advisory Forum, that has been represented by 17 faith communities and it has been suggested that in parliament in the beginning of everyday there should be a rotate in interfaith prayers regularly. The best and most important religious improvement in Australia is the growth of ecumenism, and a growth in love, and cooperation between the Christian churches and most importantly dialogue and the cooperation between the many different Christian communities.

Creative Writing Piece †Inner Journeys Essay

Tom had always loved plants. He loved the way they would begin their lives as tiny seeds buried in their cosy little nests, and then, with all the essential ingredients a sprinkle of water, a cup of sunlight and a dash of time they would blossom into sharp Italian ballet dancers, their lively radiance beating against the cream-white window pane. Toms mother would grow these plants by the dozen, and, once a month, after harvest week, she would take all the plants away, replacing them with seemingly barren pots of soil, each containing their own hidden seed ready to grow and blossom into another magnificent dancer on the windowsill. It was the first harvesting week of the year when Toms mother first offered him the opportunity to plant his very own tomato tree. At first he was hesitant, but after some assurance from his mother he felt confident and ready. Make sure you give your plant plenty of water and sunlight, and it will have all that it needs to grow. And dont be late for school!The second the pot was in his grip, Tom raced to his bedroom and catapulted to the side of his bunk bed. Climbing up, he searched the room for the sunniest spot, like the night boat searches for the closest lighthouse. Suddenly, he spotted it. But it was so far away! Hed have to try and reach it. Balancing on the top step of his bunk ladder, pot in one hand, he stretched out his arm as far as it could reach, and just managed to tip the edge of the pot against the windowsill so it sat firmly against the glass. He climbed back down and sighed with relief as he glanced up at his creation. The whole world stopped in an instant as Tom marvelled at the way the light magnified though his window and reflected off the glistening soil into his bedroom. He felt the warm glow melt against his skin. He turned to walk out, but after every few steps, something inside him forced him to turn back, just to check that his plant was still there. He felt a sense of pride as he looked up at his establishment, a foundation for the rainbow of wonderful things to come. Satisfied, he felt a bubbling burst of energy as he happily skipped out of his room and headed off to school. The day seemed to drag on, and as soon as Tom was home he threw his schoolbag across the hallway and jolted to the castle where his tomato tree waited anxiously. He opened the palace doors and, once he saw it for the second  time, a rush of accomplishment swarmed through him and he skidded across the kitchen floor, attempting to sustain his balance while carefully collecting a glass of water to nourish his royal king. Back in his room, he climbed atop his bunk bed, leaned out across his room, and carefully poured the water into the plant pot, swirling it around in an attempt to spread the water evenly across the fine surface. He remained there for some time, and couldnt help but feel a sense of impatience as he stared into the emptiness of the pot. Had his plant grown out of its seed yet? Was it even growing at all? He knew he loved being able to look after a plant like this, even if he couldnt see it yet. Regardless, he headed off to bed, and through his dreams he saw his plant gr ow up to be the most exotic dancer of all. Harvest week came again the month after. Tom was scared. He had been looking after his plant for a whole month prior but he couldnt see any fruits! Following his mothers advice, he continued to water and care for his plant as much as he could, moving it to a sunnier spot and being careful to give it just the right amount of water, and finally, at long last, it blossomed. The tomatoes that grew on Toms tree were the sweetest and juiciest and most delicious tomatoes him and his mother had ever tasted. Harvest week came and went, and eventually his tree stopped bearing fruits. The vines were as bare as winter, and it no longer danced in the wind, but instead roared a silence so loud that Tom felt a shiver up and down his spine. Panicking, he decided he should move his plant to a sunnier spot he climbed upon his bunk bed, reached over and stretching his arms as far as they would go almost there just a bit further got it! He rejoiced as he collected the pot plant from its previous home and climbed down from his bed to move it to a sunnier spot. He had almost forgotten his plant was dying. What had he done wrong? He thought back over the previous months events, thought back to when he had first tended to the plant oh how he remembered being inexperienced! But no matter how far he looked back, he just couldnt put his finger on what he had done wrong. What could he have done to cause this? Three of his mothers words echoed in his head water and sunlight but he had already given it all that it needed Now, nothing seemed to work. It  was only after Toms mother returned home that night that Tom finally understood why it had happened. Everything in life has its place explained Toms mother gently. Everything is born to grow and live, and after it has served its purpose, it has to go. Your plant grew the most delicious tomatoes Ive ever tasted, but now its time for your tomato tree to say goodbye.Devastated, Tom handed the plant back to his mother and reflected on their times together. He remembered how he used to watch his little tree dance, its vibrant energy brighter than all the light from the brightest star. He wanted that back again. He wanted another plant. Suddenly, an idea sparked in his head. Mum, he began. Could I plant another one?

Memory Management Essay

The difference between Windows and Linux memory management starts with understanding the requirements of memory management in today’s multiprogramming systems. Memory management requirements are relocation, protection, sharing, local organization, and physical organization. These requirements play a vital role in the processing speed response when using the computer. Windows and Linux have several similarities in regards to memory management but also differ especially with Windows being a sophisticate system and Linux being open sourced. â€Å"Linux shares UNIX characteristics but has its own features and is very complex† (Stallings, 2012, p. 384). Linux virtual memory uses a three- level page structure. The first part is the page structure which is an active process having the size of one page. The entry goes to the page directory and the page directory must be in the main memory to be active. Next is the page middle directory which can span multiple pages. Each entry will point to one page of the table. Last is the page table and refers to one virtual page of the process. A virtual address is used consisting of four fields which are the index into the page directory, index into the page middle directory, index into the page table, and the offset in the selected page of memory. The table structure was designed for 64-bit Alpha processor and is independent. Linux uses the buddy system for efficiency of reading in and writing out pages to and from memory. The buddy system splits and merges pages which are allocated and deallocated in the main memory. The page replacement algorithm in Linux deals with a simple clock which gives each page an age variable. The more times the page is accessed, the age variable is increased. A page that is old would be replaced since it has not been accessed in quite a long time. Linux kernel memory allocation manages the main memory page frames which allocates and deallocates frames for the virtual memory management. When the minimum amount of allocation is less than a page, Linux uses a slab allocation for these smaller chunks making the system more efficient. Windows memory manager is designed to use 4 to 64 Kbytes page sizes and controls how memory is allocated. On 32-bit systems, the Windows process  shows a 32-bit address which allows 4 Gbytes of virtual memory for each process which half is for the operating system and half is for the virtual address space when running in kernel-mode. With the introduction of 64-bit, systems can run more efficiently with larger memory intensive programs. Windows paging can make use of the entire space which can then be brought into the main memory. The operating system manages the address in three regions; available references the address not currently used, reserved for setting aside the process through the virtual memory manager, and committed address for processes to access virtual memory page. When virtual memory is high, the processes increase, and when they are low, older pages are swapped out. In conclusion, Windows and Linux have a few similarities. Both swaps out older pages that are no longer needed to improve the processes Window memory management is more secure and performance orientated, but is more complex. Linux is simpler and easier to maintain but is not secured due to being open sourced and need improvement. Linux was originated in a hacker’s environment while Windows is in a commercial environment. Windows has more effort through design and Linus was favored for simplicity. Each one has their own positives and negatives and the final decision is what system is he and she more comfortable with. References Stallings, W. (2012). Operating Systems: Internals and Design Principles (7th ed.). Retrieved from The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database.